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L Abi-Rached, P Pontarotti (2000),
"The MHC 'big-bang': duplication and exon shuffling
during chordate evolution: a hypothetico-deductive
approach", in Major Histocompatibility Complex:
Evolution, Structure, and Function , ed. M Kasahara
(Springer-Verlag), pp.45-52.
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Arabidopsos Genome Initiative (2000),
"Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana",
Nature, 408(6814):796-815.
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Guillaume Achaz, Eric Coissac, Alain Viari, Pierre Netter (2000),
"Analysis of intrachromosomal duplications in
yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a possible model
for their origin",
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17:1268-1275.
abstract:
The complete genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was
investigated for intrachromosomal duplications at the level of
nucleotide sequences. The analysis was performed by looking for long
approximate repeats (from 30 to 3,885 bp) present on each of the
chromosomes. We show that direct and inverted repeats exhibit very
different characteristics: the two copies of direct repeats are more
similar and longer than those of inverted repeats. Furthermore,
contrary to the inverted repeats, a large majority of direct repeats
appear to be closely spaced. The distance (delta) between the two copies
is generally smaller than 1 kb. Further analysis of these "close direct
repeats" shows a negative correlation between delta and the percentage
of identity between the two copies, and a positive correlation between
delta and repeat length. Moreover, contrary to the other categories of
repeats, close direct repeats are mostly located within coding sequences
(CDSs). We propose two hypotheses in order to interpret these
observations: first, the deletion/conversion rate is negatively correlated
with delta; second, there exists an active duplication mechanism which
continuously creates close direct repeats, the other intrachromosomal
repeats being the result, by chromosomal rearrangements of these "primary repeats."
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K Chen, D Durand, M Farach-Colton (2000),
"Notung: a program for dating gene duplications and
optimizing gene family trees",
Journal of Computational Biology, 7(3/4):429-447.
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Luca Comai (2000),
"Genetic and epigenetic interactions in allopolyploid plants",
Plant Molecular Biology, 43:387-399.
[ abstract]
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N El-Mabrouk (2000),
"Genome rearrangement by reversals and insertions/deletions of
contiguous segments", in Combinatorial Pattern Matching,
11th annual symposium, Lecture Notes in Computer Science,
Vol 1848, pp. 222-234.
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N El-Mabrouk (2000),
"Recovery of ancestral tetraploids",
in Comparative Genomics: Empirical and Analytical Approaches
to Gene Order Dynamics, Map alignment and the Evolution of Gene Families
pp.465-477 (Kluwer Academic Publishers).
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N El-Mabrouk (2000),
"Duplication, rearrangement and reconciliation",
in Comparative Genomics: Empirical and Analytical Approaches
to Gene Order Dynamics, Map alignment and the Evolution of Gene Families
pp. 537-550 (Kluwer Academic Publishers).
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TJ Gibson, J Spring (2000),
"Evidence in favor of ancient octaploidy in the
vertebrate genome",
Biochemical Society Transactions, 2:259-264.
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D Grant, P Cregan, RC Shoemaker (2000),
"Genome organization in dicots: genome duplication in Arabidopsis
and synteny between soybean and Arabidopsis",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences,
97:4168-4173.
abstract:
Synteny between soybean and Arabidopsis was studied
by using conceptual translations of DNA sequences from
loci that map to soybean linkage groups A2, J, and
L. Synteny was found between these linkage groups and
all four of the Arabidopsis chromosomes, where GenBank
contained enough sequence for synteny to be identified
confidently. Soybean linkage group A2 (soyA2) and
Arabidopsis chromosome I showed significant synteny
over almost their entire lengths, with only 2-3 chromosomal
rearrangements required to bring the maps into substantial
agreement. Smaller blocks of synteny were identified
between soyA2 and Arabidopsis chromosomes IV and V
(near the RPP5 and RPP8 genes) and between soyA2 and
Arabidopsis chromosomes I and V (near the PhyA and
PhyC genes). These subchromosomal syntenic regions
were themselves homeologous, suggesting that
Arabidopsis has undergone a number of segmental
duplications or possibly a complete genome duplication
during its evolution. Homologies between the
homeologous soybean linkage groups J and L and
Arabidopsis chromosomes II and IV also revealed
evidence of segmental duplication in Arabidopsis. Further
support for this hypothesis was provided by the
observation of very close linkage in Arabidopsis of
homologs of soybean Vsp27 and Bng181 (three locations)
and purple acid phosphatase-like sequences and
homologs of soybean A256 (five locations). Simulations
show that the synteny and duplications we report are
unlikely to have arisen by chance during our analysis of the
homology reports.
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HM Ku, T Vision, J Liu, SD Tanksley (2000),
"Comparing sequence segments of the tomato and Arabidopsis genomes:
large-scale duplication followed by selective gene loss creates
a network of synteny",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 97:9121-9126.
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RB Langkjaer, ML Nielsen, PR Daugaard, W Liu, J Piskur (2000),
"Yeast chromosomes have been significantly reshaped during
their evolutionary history",
Journal of Molecular Biology, 304(3):271-288.
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M Lynch, JS Conery (2000),
"The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes",
Science, 290:1151-1155.
[ PDF ]
abstract:
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of
material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often
gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions.
Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species
suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per
gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of
relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them
evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period. However, the
vast majority of gene duplicates are silenced within a few million years,
with the few survivors subsequently experiencing strong purifying
selection. Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions,
the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the
passive origin of new species.
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M Lynch, A Force (2000),
"The probability of duplicate gene preservation by
subfunctionalization",
Genetics, 154:459-473.
[ PDF]
abstract:
It has often been argued that gene-duplication events are most
commonly followed by a mutational event that silences one member of
the pair, while on rare occasions both members of the pair are
preserved as one acquires a mutation with a beneficial function and the
other retains the original function. However, empirical evidence from
genome duplication events suggests that gene duplicates are
preserved in genomes far more commonly and for periods far in excess
of the expectations under this model, and whereas some gene
duplicates clearly evolve new functions, there is little evidence that this
is the most common mechanism of duplicate-gene preservation. An
alternative hypothesis is that gene duplicates are frequently preserved
by subfunctionalization, whereby both members of a pair experience
degenerative mutations that reduce their joint levels and patterns of
activity to that of the single ancestral gene. We consider the ways in
which the probability of duplicate-gene preservation by such
complementary mutations is modified by aspects of gene structure,
degree of linkage, mutation rates and effects, and population size.
Even if most mutations cause complete loss-of-subfunction, the
probability of duplicate-gene preservation can be appreciable if the
long-term effective population size is on the order of 105 or smaller,
especially if there are more than two independently mutable
subfunctions per locus. Even a moderate incidence of partial
loss-of-function mutations greatly elevates the probability of
preservation. The model proposed herein leads to quantitative
predictions that are consistent with observations on the frequency of
long-term duplicate gene preservation and with observations that
indicate that a common fate of the members of duplicate-gene pairs is
the partitioning of tissue-specific patterns of expression of the
ancestral gene.
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M Lynch, AG Force (2000),
"The origin of interspecific genomic incompatibility via gene duplication",
The American Naturalist, 156:590-605.
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AP Martin (2000),
"Choosing among alternative trees of multigene families",
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16:430-439.
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A McLysaght, AJ Enright, L Skrabanek, KH Wolfe (2000),
"Estimation of synteny conservation and genome compaction between
pufferfish (Fugu) and human", Yeast, 17:22-36.
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K Naruse, S Fukamachi, H Mitani, M Kondo, T Matsuoka, S Kondo,
N Hanamura, Y Morita, K Hasegawa, R Nishigaki,
A Shimada, H Wada, T Kusakabe, N Suzuki, M Kinoshita, A Kanamori,
T Terado, H Kimura, M Nonaka, A Shima (2000),
"A detailed linkage map of Medaka, Oryzias latipes: comparative
genomics and genome evolution",
Genetics, 154:1773-1784.
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Tomoko Ohta (2000),
"Evolution of gene families",
Gene, 259(1-2):45-52.
[ abstract]
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SP Otto, J Whitton (2000),
"Polyploid incidence and evolution",
Annual Review of Genetics, 34:401-437.
abstract:
Changes in ploidy occurred early in the diversification of some animal and plant lineages and represent an
ongoing phenomenon in others. While the prevalence of polyploid lineages indicates that this phenomenon is a common
and successful evolutionary transition, whether polyploidization itself has a significant effect on patterns and rates of
diversification remains an open question. Here we review evidence for the creative role of polyploidy in evolution. We
present new estimates for the incidence of polyploidy in ferns and flowering plants based on a simple model describing
transitions between odd and even base chromosome numbers. These new estimates indicate that ploidy changes may
represent from 2 to 4% of speciation events in flowering plants and 7% in ferns. Speciation via polyploidy is likely to be
one of the more predominant modes of sympatric speciation in plants, owing to its potentially broad-scale effects on gene
regulation and developmental processes, effects that can produce immediate shifts in morphology, breeding system, and
ecological tolerances. Theoretical models support the potential for increased adaptability in polyploid lineages. The
evidence suggests that polyploidization can produce shifts in genetic systems and phenotypes that have the potential to
result in increased evolutionary diversification, yet conclusive evidence that polyploidy has changed rates and patterns of
diversification remains elusive.
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Eran Pichersky, David R Gang (2000),
"Genetics and biochemistry of secondary metabolites in plants: an evolutionary perspective",
Trends in Plant Science, 5(10):439-445.
[ abstract]
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John H Postlethwait, Ian G Woods, Phuong Ngo-Hazelett, Yi-Lin Yan,
Peter D Kelly, Felicia Chu, Hui Huang, Alicia Hill-Force, William S Talbot
(2000),
"Zebrafish comparative genomics and the origins of vertebrate chromosomes",
Genome Research, 10(12):1890-1902.
[abstract]
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Lorraine Potocki, Ken-Shiung Chen, Sung-Sup Park, Doreen E Osterholm,
Marjorie A Withers, Virginia Kimonis, Anne M Summers, Wendy S Meschino,
Kwame Anyane-Yeboa, Catherine D Kashork, Lisa G Shaffer, James R Lupski,
(2000),
"Molecular mechanism for duplication 17p11.2? the homologous recombination
reciprocal of the Smith-Magenis microdeletion",
Nature Genetics, 24:84-87.
[ abstract]
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Leonore Reiser, Patricia Sánchez-Baracaldo, Sarah Hake (2000),
"Knots in the family tree: evolutionary relationships and functions of knox homeobox genes",
Plant Molecular Biology, 42(1):151-166.
[ abstract]
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Todd E Richter, Pamela C Ronald (2000),
" The evolution of disease resistance genes",
Plant Molecular Biology, 42(1):195-204.
[ abstract]
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Antonis Rokas, Peter W. H. Holland (2000),
"Rare genomic changes as a tool for phylogenetics",
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(11):454-459.
[ abstract]
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edited, David Sankoff, Joseph H Nadeau (2000),
Comparative Genomics: Empirical and Analytical
(Springer). ISBN: 0792365844
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Erik A Schultes, David P Bartel (2000),
"One sequence, two ribozymes: implications for the emergence of new ribozyme folds",
Science, 289:448-452.
[abstract]
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C Seoighe, Federspiel N, Jones T, Hansen N,
Bivolarovic V, Surzycki R, Tamse R, Komp C,
Huizar L, Davis RW, Scherer S, Tait E, Shaw DJ,
Harris D, Murphy L, Oliver K, Taylor K, Rajandream MA,
Barrell BG, Wolfe KH (2000),
"Prevalence of small inversions in yeast gene order evolution",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 97:14433-14437.
abstract:
Gene order evolution in two eukaryotes was studied by comparing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae
genome sequence to extensive new data from whole-genome shotgun and cosmid sequencing
of Candida albicans. Gene order is substantially different between these two yeasts,
with only 9% of gene pairs that are adjacent in one species being conserved as
adjacent in the other. Inversion of small segments of DNA, less than 10 genes long,
has been a major cause of rearrangement, which means that even where a pair of genes
has been conserved as adjacent, the transcriptional orientations of the two genes relative
to one another are often different. We estimate that about 1,100 single-gene inversions
have occurred since the divergence between these species. Other genes that are adjacent
in one species are in the same neighborhood in the other, but their precise arrangement has
been disrupted, probably by multiple successive multigene inversions. We estimate that gene
adjacencies have been broken as frequently by local rearrangements as by chromosomal
translocations or long-distance transpositions. A bias toward small inversions has been
suggested by other studies on animals and plants and may be general among eukaryotes.
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Sebastian M Shimeld, Peter W. H. Holland (2000),
"Vertebrate innovations",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 97(9):4449-4452.
[abstract]
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Pamela S Soltis, Douglas E Soltis (2000),
"The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 97:7051-7057.
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James W Valentine (2000),
"Two genomic paths to the evolution of complexity in bodyplans",
Paleobiology, 26(3):513-519.
[abstract]
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TJ Vision, DG Brown, SD Tanksley (2000),
"The origins of genomic duplications in Arabidopsis",
Science, 290(5499):2114-2117.
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A Wagner (2000),
"The role of pleiotropy, population size fluctuations, and fitness effects of mutations
in the evolution of redundant gene functions",
Genetics, 154:1389-1401.
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A Wagner (2000),
"Decoupled evolution of coding region and mRNA expression patterns after
gene duplication: implications for the neutralist-selectionist debate",
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences,
97:6579-6584.
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Yufeng Wang, Xun Gu (2000),
"Evolutionary patterns of gene families generated in the early
stage of vertebrates",
Journal of Molecular Evolution, 51(1):88-96.
abstract:
In this paper we have analyzed 49 vertebrate gene families that
were generated in the early stage of vertebrates and/or shortly
before the origin of vertebrates, each of which consists of three
or four member genes. We have dated the first (T(1)) and
second (T(2)) gene duplications of 26 gene families with 3
member genes. The means of T(1) (594 mya) and T(2) (488
mya) are largely consistent to a well-cited version of
two-round (2R) genome duplication theory. Moreover, in most
cases, the time interval between two successive gene
duplications is large enough that the fate of duplicate genes
generated by the first gene duplication was likely to be
determined before the second one took place. However, the
phylogenetic pattern of 23 gene families with 4 members is
complicated; only 5 of them are predicted by 2R model, but 11
families require an additional gene (or genome) duplication. For
the rest (7 families), at least one gene duplication event had
occurred before the divergence between vertebrate and
Drosophila, indicating a possible misleading of the 4:1 rule
(member gene ratio between vertebrates and invertebrates).
Our results show that Ohno's 2R conjecture is valid as a
working hypothesis for providing a most parsimonious
explanation. Although for some gene families, additional gene
duplication is needed, the credibility of the
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JF Wendel (2000),
"Genome evolution in polyploids",
Plant Molecular Biology, 42(1):225-249.
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Amanda Wraith, Anna Törnsten, Patrick Chardon, Ingrid Harbitz, Bhanu P Chowdhary,
Leif Andersson, Lars-Gustav Lundin, Dan Larhammar (2000),
"Evolution of the neuropeptide Y receptor family: gene and chromosome duplications
deduced from the cloning and mapping of the five receptor subtype genes in pig",
Genome Research, 10(3):302-310.
[abstract]
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I Yanai,
CJ Camacho, C DeLisi (2000),
"Predictions of gene family distributions in microbial
genomes: evolution by gene duplication and modification",
Physical Review Letters, 85:2641-2644.
[ PDF ]
abstract:
A universal property of microbial genomes is the considerable fraction of
genes that are homologous to other genes within the same genome. The
process by which these homologues are generated is not well
understood, but sequence analysis of 20 microbial genomes unveils a
recurrent distribution of gene family sizes. We show that a simple
evolutionary model based on random gene duplication and point
mutations fully accounts for these distributions and permits predictions for
the number of gene families in genomes not yet complete. Our findings are
consistent with the notion that a genome evolves from a set of precursor
genes to a mature size by gene duplications and increasing modifications.
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J Zimmet, K Ravid (2000),
"Polyploidy: occurrence in nature, mechanisms, and significance for the megakaryocyte-platelet system",
Exp. Hematol. 28(1):3-16.
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