Glossary in Bibliography on gene and genome duplication

front page
glossary
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
80s
70s
60s
50s
40s
30s
20s
10s

  • aneuploidy ("not-good-fold"): a condition in which the chromosome number of an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy]

  • allopolyploid : polyploids created by hybridization between different species (homeologous chromosomes)

  • allotetraploid/amphidiploid : an organism that contains four complete copies of the genome, but two (and on rare occasions, one) of the copies are from a different species than the other two copies. [http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=allotetraploid]

  • autopolyploid : polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a species

  • colinearity: having corresponding parts arranged in the same linear order

  • copy number variation: The gene copy number is the number of copies of a particular gene in the genotype of an individual, which can vary in certain cells or individuals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation]

  • gene duplication: any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene

  • gene family: set of genes with a known homology. They are generally biochemically similar. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_family]

  • gene sharing : a "generalist" gene/protein performing two distinct functions

  • genome duplication: see polyploidy

  • lineage: a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)]

  • palaeopolyploid/paleopolyploid : Early/primitive polyploid, one of ancient origin. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopolyploidy]

  • paralogous : describe the relationship among duplicated genes or portions of chromosomes that derived from a common ancestral DNA.

  • ploidy : number of basic chromosome sets [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploid]

  • polyploidy ("many-fold"): the situation where the number of chromosome sets is greater than two. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopolyploidy]

  • protein family: a group of evolutionarily related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_family]

  • reciprocal translocation: a type of chromosome rearrangement involving the exchange of chromosome segments between two chromosomes that do not belong to the same pair of chromosomes.

  • synteny: physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within an individual or species.

  • subfunctionalization: a hypothesized process that following gene duplication, the two gene copies degenerate to perform complementary functions that jointly match that of the single ancestral gene.