bib gene duplication (glossary)

Glossary in Bibliography on gene and genome duplication

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aneuploidy ("not-good-fold"): a condition in which the chromosome number of an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy]
allopolyploid : polyploids created by hybridization between different species (homeologous chromosomes)
allotetraploid/amphidiploid : an organism that contains four complete copies of the genome, but two (and on rare occasions, one) of the copies are from a different species than the other two copies. [http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=allotetraploid]
autopolyploid : polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a species
colinearity: having corresponding parts arranged in the same linear order
copy number variation: The gene copy number is the number of copies of a particular gene in the genotype of an individual, which can vary in certain cells or individuals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation]
gene duplication: any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene
gene family: set of genes with a known homology. They are generally biochemically similar. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_family]
gene sharing : a "generalist" gene/protein performing two distinct functions
genome duplication: see polyploidy
lineage: a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)]
palaeopolyploid/paleopolyploid : Early/primitive polyploid, one of ancient origin. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopolyploidy]
paralogous : describe the relationship among duplicated genes or portions of chromosomes that derived from a common ancestral DNA.
ploidy : number of basic chromosome sets [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploid]
polyploidy ("many-fold"): the situation where the number of chromosome sets is greater than two. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopolyploidy]
protein family: a group of evolutionarily related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_family]
reciprocal translocation: a type of chromosome rearrangement involving the exchange of chromosome segments between two chromosomes that do not belong to the same pair of chromosomes.
synteny: physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within an individual or species.
subfunctionalization: a hypothesized process that following gene duplication, the two gene copies degenerate to perform complementary functions that jointly match that of the single ancestral gene.

		Glossary in Bibliography on gene and genome duplication
	front page glossary 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 80s 70s 60s 50s 40s 30s 20s 10s	aneuploidy ("not-good-fold"): a condition in which the chromosome number of an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy] allopolyploid : polyploids created by hybridization between different species (homeologous chromosomes) allotetraploid/amphidiploid : an organism that contains four complete copies of the genome, but two (and on rare occasions, one) of the copies are from a different species than the other two copies. [http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=allotetraploid] autopolyploid : polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a species colinearity: having corresponding parts arranged in the same linear order copy number variation: The gene copy number is the number of copies of a particular gene in the genotype of an individual, which can vary in certain cells or individuals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation] gene duplication: any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene gene family: set of genes with a known homology. They are generally biochemically similar. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_family] gene sharing : a "generalist" gene/protein performing two distinct functions genome duplication: see polyploidy lineage: a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)] palaeopolyploid/paleopolyploid : Early/primitive polyploid, one of ancient origin. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopolyploidy] paralogous : describe the relationship among duplicated genes or portions of chromosomes that derived from a common ancestral DNA. ploidy : number of basic chromosome sets [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploid] polyploidy ("many-fold"): the situation where the number of chromosome sets is greater than two. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopolyploidy] protein family: a group of evolutionarily related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_family] reciprocal translocation: a type of chromosome rearrangement involving the exchange of chromosome segments between two chromosomes that do not belong to the same pair of chromosomes. synteny: physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within an individual or species. subfunctionalization: a hypothesized process that following gene duplication, the two gene copies degenerate to perform complementary functions that jointly match that of the single ancestral gene.