A Bibliography on 1/f Noise

1/f noise

Last modified (and frozen) on: April 23, 2007. For more papers, start from here
by wentian*li of north shore LIJ research institute.

The number of visits to this page since Sept 27, 1996 :


What this is about...

1/f noise ("one-over-f noise", occasionally called "flicker noise" or "pink noise") is a type of noise whose power spectra P(f) as a function of the frequency f behaves like: P(f) = 1/fa , where the exponent a is very close to 1 (that's where the name "1/f noise" comes from).

If we mix visible light with different frequencies according to 1/f distribution, the resulting light may be pinkish (that's what other people says, I've never done an experiment to confirm it though!) Mixtures using other distributions should have different colors. For example, if the distribution is flat, the resulting light is white (so noise with P(f)=constant power spectra is called "white noise") [see also, colors of noise].

1/f noise appears in nature all over the places (a frequently-used word to describe this situation is "ubiquitous"). This bibliography is an attempt to show this fact.


Happens to read...

"An air conditioner for exchanging heat from a refrigerant to the outside and adjusting at least one of room temperature and humidity to desired temperature and humidity and having a 1/f fluctuation function for controlling an air supplying means for supplying conditioned air to the room so as to vary the air supplying amount in multiple levels corresponding to a designated reference air amount and irregularly. A reference air amount of the air supplying means can be designated and there is an air amount control for controlling the air supplying means corresponding to the designated reference air amount, and a fluctuation width designates a fluctuation width (volume of the air amount) corresponding to the air amount designated. When the 1/f fluctuation function is employed, the fundamental functions (coolness, warmness, and so forth) of the air conditioner are improved. In addition, the noise of the air conditioner is reduced and the comfort of the user is improved. "
Patent 5657640. Filed: Sep 14, 1995; Issued: Aug 19, 1997
(if you are registered user, you can search the patent database at delphion).

"I work with colored noise occasionally, and recently made several tapes utilizing psychoacoustic noise effects. ... Pink Noise: This noise has equal energy PER OCTAVE. This means that the volume decreases logarithmically with frequency. Usually pink noise is made by low-pass filtering white noise. For comparison, pink noise will have the same sound amplitude from 100-200Hz that it does from 200-400Hz or 10,000-20,000Hz. Pink noise sounds more natural than white noise (it sounds like rushing water or ocean surf) and is quite relaxing. It's often used for ambience in electronic music, and as a test signal for "tuning" sound reenforcement systems (many equalizers and audio spectrum analyzers have built-in pink noise generators). ..."
An online post by Mark Thompson (December 27, 1989). The original post can be found here.

"The triode was invented by Lee de Forest in 1907, and soon afterwards the first amplifiers were built. By 1921 the 'thermionic tube' amplifiers were so developed that C.A. Hartmann made the first courage experiment to verify Schottky's formula for ths shot noice spectral density. Hartmann's attempt failed, and it was finally J.B. Johnson who successfully measured the predicted white noise spectrum. However Johnson also measured an unexpected 'flicker noise' at low frequency... and shortly thereafter W. Schottly tried to provide a theoretical explanation. Schottky's explanation was based on the physics of electron transport inside the vacumm tube, but in the years that followed Johnson's discovery of flicker noise it was found that this strange noise appeared again and again in many different electrical deviced."
from Edoardo Milotti's preprint "1/f noise: a pedagogical review" (2002)


Let me classify the publications on 1/f noise by the following categories:

total number of papers= 856 (before the move: 586)

External links:


This bibliography as it stands now is incomplete. One reason is that I am compiling it on the side of my research. Needless to say, it would be nice if the bibliography is more complete. So if you have other relevant papers which do not appear here, please let me know ! you can either use my guestbook or send me email at wli@nslij-genetics.org.

Thanks ...

I acknowledge feedback, comments, suggestion of references from: Per Aronsson, Alexander Balandin, Richard Blender, Peter Boggild, Leonardo Bosi, Doriano Brogioli, Oleg Bulashenko, Ed Bullmore, Enrique Canessa, Paolo Carlini, Keng-Hwee Chiam, Dan Clementi, Parsa Dagli, Yavuz Degerli, Didier Delignieres, Jamal Deen, Paolo de los Rios, Peter Dimon, Jose Garcia-Lazaro, Ralph Hall, John Halley, Dilshat Hewzulla, Jay (John) Holden, Danny Kaplan, Bronius Kaulakys, Laszlo Kiss, Theo Kleinpenning, Maria Koleva, Yuriy Kuzovlev, Terence Kwok, Gabriel Landini, Mike Langer, Lasse Laurson, Andrew Lo, Ognian Marinov, Sergei Maslov, Mihai Mihaila, Yamomoto Mitsuaki, Makoto Miyazaki, Michel Planat, Stephane Plaszczynski, Jeffrey Pressing, Fabio Principato, Armando Relano, Steve Rosenthal, Jagmit Sandhu, Serge Dos Santos, Enrico Scalas, Jeff Scargle, A.M. Selvam, Alexander Shulman, Adolph Smith, Andrew Straw, Misako Takayasu, Tom Thornton, Masato Toita, Shahrokh Yadegari, Jun-Ichi Yano, Masaaki Yoneda, Yuguo Yu, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Norman Ward, Seiichi Watanabe, Matthew Watkins, Robin Whittle, Marek Wolf, and Giovanni Zanella.

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